http://www.dailytech.com/Worlds+First+Commercial+Quantum+Computer+Demonstrated/article6102.htm
Go Canada!Canadian firm D-Wave Systems unveiled and demonstrated today what it calls “the world's first commercially viable quantum computer.” Company officials announced the technology at the Computer History Museum in Mountain View, California in a demonstration intended to show how the machine can run commercial applications and is better suited to the types of problems that have stymied conventional (digital) computers.
The demonstration of the technology was held at the Computer History Museum, but the actual hardware remained in Burnaby, BC where it was being chilled down to 5 millikelvin, or minus 273.145 degrees Celsius (colder than interstellar space), with liquid helium.
But seriously, this is a bit of a concern. Current encryption protocols used for high-security communications (for example, bank transactions) use 256- or 512-bit algorithms.
What that means is (and I may be wrong here, going off old readings) every packet sent betweeen, for example, CIBC and RBC (Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce / Royal Bank of Canada) is encrypted with basically a password of 256- or 512-bit "characters" (technically, states: 0 or 1). Each side already knows the password, and they use this to rapidly decrypt the packets and process the data within.
Why? It would your typical Joe at home approximately 2,000 years to crack a 512-bit algorithm. That's considering your average Joe at home uses a Cray X-1 supercomputer, which cost about 2mil each (for the base model) if I remember correctly.
Quantum computers, on the other hand, are somewhat... exponential. Each moving electron in a quantum CPU can change it's state (0, 1, or "0+1" which is impossible for a common CPU to accomplish) based on it's neighbouring electron states.
Bottom line, a single quantum computer of very low qubit (quantum bit) count is capable of cracking a 512-bit algorithm in a matter of minutes. Joe can toss his Cray X-1 and pick up one of these babies for processing capabilities that is literally thousands of times faster than today's beefiest industrial processor array.
This is all nearly impossible to explain and twice as difficult to understand. I am by no means a knowledgeable resource for it, but I understand enough that I can drop my jaw at this news. Quantum computers have been an awe of mankind since quantum mechanics were understood well enough to see that it could be applied to computing.
Comparing a common CPU to a quantum CPU, in terms of processing power, is like comparing a camel to a teleporter in terms of travel time.